What is sepsis and how/why does it cause vasodilation?

Please respond to (2) peer post only!!!!
Each reply should have a minimum of 50 words and have 1 reference in APA format.
original topic so you can get an idea of discussion- original topic does not need to be worked on only peer responses
Peer (1) Eliani
A 29-year-old female develops sepsis and, as a consequence, she experiences profound vasodilation. Her blood pressure is 80/55 mmHg.
[1] What is sepsis and how/why does it cause vasodilation?
Sepsis is something that can occur due to the body’s response to an infection, if severe enough. Additionally, it can lead to organ failure, tissue damage, and even death. Furthermore, vasodilation is the dilation of blood vessels which decreases blood pressure, and sepsis can cause it by the system response to release cytokines. Cytokines cause the dilation of blood vessels.
[2] What is afterload? What effect does vasodilation have on the afterload?
Afterload is the force that the heart has to pump against. Vasodilation decreases aortic pressure and systemic vascular resistance, which ultimately decreases the afterload.
[3] What effect does vasodilation have on blood pressure? What is her Mean Arterial Pressure?
Vasodilation is when blood vessels dial are and this decreases blood pressure. Therefore, because she has sepsis and profound vasodilation, her blood pressure is going to drop. Evidence of this is her blood pressure being 80/55 mmHg. Mean arterial Pressure is “ is defined as the average pressure in a patient’s arteries during one cardiac cycle”. (NursingCenter) Her Mean Arterial Pressure is 63 mmHg.
[4] What homeostatic mechanisms will be involved to bring her blood pressure back to normal? (Hint: hormones)
A homeostatic mechanism that is involved is Aldosterone- a hormone produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland located above the kidneys. This will naturally be in charge of bringing her blood pressure back to normal.
References
Calculating the mean arterial pressure (MAP). NursingCenter. (n.d.). https://www.nursingcenter.com/ncblog/december-2011/calculating-the-map.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, January 27). What is sepsis? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/what-is-sepsis.html.
Preload, Afterload and Contractility. (n.d.). https://www.deltexmedical.com/decision_tree/preload-afterload-and-contractility/.
Why Sepsis Causes Low Blood Pressure. ApolloMD. (2020, March 23). https://apollomd.com/glossary/why-sepsis-causes-low-blood-pressure/.
Peer (2) Caridad
A 29-year-old female develops sepsis and, as a consequence, she experiences
profound vasodilation. Her blood pressure is 80/55 mmHg.
[1] What is sepsis and how/why does it cause vasodilation?
Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening medical emergency. Sepsis happens when an
infection throughout your body. Almost any type of infection can lead to sepsis. Infections
that lead to sepsis most often start in the lung. Urinary tract, skin, or gastrointestinal tract. In
the past many of the animal models used to study sepsis have involved acute studies lasting
for only a few hours To study sepsis in a more clinically relevant manner we studied sheep
which were given a continuous dose of either bacteria or endotoxin] for 24-48 h. The
cardiopulmonary response can be divided into three phases. Systemic and vascular resistance
are markedly increased during the first 30-60 min of endotoxin infusion and the first 60-90
min during the infusion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. ae.) . This is due mainly to elevated
levels of the potent vasoconstrictor thromboxane.
[2] What is afterload? What effect does vasodilation have on the afterload?
Afterload is actually the “LOAD” This a load in which the heart must pump against. Afterload
goes down when aortic pressure and the systemic vascular resistance decreases through
vasodilation.
[3] What effect does vasodilation have on blood pressure? What is her Mean Arterial Pressure?
Vasodilation is a mechanism to enhance blood flow to areas of the body that require oxygen and nutrients. The vasodilation causes a
decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and an increase in blood flow, resulting in a reduction of blood pressure. Her MAP can
only be measured directly by invasive monitoring. You can probably estimate it using a formula in which the lower (diastolic) blood
pressure is doubled and added to the higher (systolic) blood pressure and the composite sum is then divided by 3 to estimate MAP so, in
this case her MAP is 63 mmHg.
[4] What homeostatic mechanisms will be involved to bring her blood pressure back to normal? (Hint: hormones)
The homeostatic mechanism that will be involved to bring her blood pressure back to normal is Aldosterone because this increases the
reabsorption of sodium into the blood by the kidneys. Therefore since water follows sodium, this increases the reabsorption of water.
This in turn increases blood volume, raising blood pressure.
References
Website: www.cdc.gov (Links to an external site.)
Book: Booke M., Traber L.D., Traber D.L. (1995) Vasodilators in Sepsis. In: Schlag G., Redl H. (eds) Shock, Sepsis, and Organ Failure — Nitric Oxide. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79343-1_13 (Links to an external site.)
Article: Willa A.Hsuch,MD; Kathlean Wyne,MD,PhD Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in diabetes and hypertension.